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London
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The
Royal Observatory
The
Royal Observatory was
founded on 22 June 1675 by King Charles II, and was built specifically to do
work which would help to solve the problem of finding longitude - one's exact
position east and west - while at sea and out of sight of land. Charles II
appointed John Flamsteed as his first Astronomer Royal in March 1675. The
28-year old clergyman was instructed 'to apply himself with the most exact care
and diligence to the rectifying the tables of the motions of the heavens, and
the places of the fixed stars, so as to find out the so much-desired longitude
of places for the perfecting the art of navigation.' Longitude was then
impossible to calculate at sea and Flamsteed began his observations to solve the
longitude problem once and for all.